This temple is popularly known as Kumbheshwarar Swami temple. It is situated in the heart of Kumbhakonam city near the golden lotus pond (Potramarai Kulam in Tamil). Unfinished (mottai, in Tamil) Gopuram is the landmark of this temple. This is a padal petra sthalam on the southern bank of Kaveri praised by Shaiva saints Sambandhar, Appar and Vallalar. Saint Arunagirinathar sang a sacred hymn to Lord Shiva at this temple. This temple must have existed even before the 7th century and it is believed to have been constructed by Pallava king. The present masonry structure was built by Chola kings in the 9th century. The temple has been renovated and extended by Chola and Vijayanagar kings. There are no inscriptions available pertaining to the Chola period. Some inscriptions in the Nageshwarar temple give an account of some endowments made by Vijayanagar kings and the Nayaks. This is one of the twelve temples connected with MahaMagham festival. It is also one of the sapta-sthana temples of Kumbhakonam.
Moolavar: Shri Kumbheswarar, Shri Amrudeshwarar, Shri Kuzhajar
Devi: Shri Mangalambigai and Shri Mantrapeetheshwari.
Sacred teertha: Mahamagham tank, Potramarai kulam (well) and twelve other teerthas, Kaveri river
Kshetra Vruksha: Shami (Vanni in Tamil)
Kshetra purana:
1. Once just before pralaya, Lord Brahma, had a doubt in his mind that, ‘if all the seeds for creation are destroyed, how to start the creation?’. He rushed to Lord Shiva – the destroyer, for guidance. At that time Lord Shiva advised him about the manner in which the seeds for new creation can be preserved and at the same time how to start the creation after pralaya. He advised Lord Brahma to make a pot by mixing mud (sand) and amrut. Then fill it up with amrut and keep all the seeds necessary for creation inside the pot. Lord Shiva advised that he should spread the Vedas, Agamas, Puranas etc. on all 4 sides in the kalash. Lord Shiva asked him to place a bunch of Mango leaves and a coconut at the top of the pot so that it gets the shape of the Kalash. Lord Shiva further advised him to tie the sacred thread (upavidh) around the pot and put flowers inside the pot before sealing it. Lord Shiva asked him to keep the pot at the top of Mount Meru (which is a residence of Lord Brahma) and hang it from the ceiling by tying it with a rope made of sacred grass (darbha). He asked him to worship it with Bilva leaves by placing it along with flowers over the coconut. He asked him to make this Kalash sacred by sprinkling the amrut over the Kalash. He told him that during the pralay, this Kalash will flow along the water and will stop at a place. Then he will appear as a hunter (Kiratmoorthy) and break the pot so that Lord Brahma can start Shrusti.
Lord Brahma followed the instructions to the point. During pralay, there was chaos around, as nature’s fury was at its highest in all forms. The Meru parvat also drowned in the pralay water. The Kalash along with the sacred grass tied around it, started moving in the water towards the south. It reached a particular point and stayed at a place. As pralay water started receding, the sacred grass, the mango leaves, etc. detached themselves and fell at that place. The place where the mango leaves fell, a Shamee tree manifested, and the sacred grass tied around the kalash became a Linga. There was a Bilva tree and seven goddesses appeared and stood guard over that place. The darbha that formed the Linga is known as “Darbha Linga”. All this happened on the western side of the sea. Then kalash started moving towards the Northwest direction and stopped at a place. At the very same instant, there was a celestial voice stating that this is the place where the kalash will stay finally and there is no other kshetra that will be more sacred than this place. As kalash stayed at this place, it is known as Kumbhakonam.
Aadikumbeshwarar temple – This is the place the amrut kalash stopped first. It is believed that Lord Shiva himself made a Shivalinga by mixing amrut and mud (sand). He worshipped the Shiva Linga at this place and the linga is in the shape of the neck of the pot (kalash).
2. At this place, Lord Shiva gave half of his body to Goddess Parvati, he gave 36 crores of Mantra-Shakti to Goddess Parvati. Goddess Parvati also gave 36 crores of her Mantra-Shakti to Lord Shiva. Hence Goddess Parvati is praised as MantraPeetheshwari. This place is considered as one of the Shaktipeeth.
3. It is stated in puran, that Lord Vinayaka arrived well before Lord Shiva and Lord Parvati came to this place. Hence he is praised as AdiVinayaka.
4. The Sthala-puran states that Lord Muruga received Mantra-Upadesh from Goddess MantraPeeteshwari, before going to war with asura SooraPadman.
5. Lord MahaVishnu worshiped Lord Shiva at this place and was bestowed with the Chakra, hence Lord MahaVishnu is praised as Lord Chakrapani.
6. Lord Vishnu was bestowed with the bow (sarang) by Lord Shiva. Hence Lord Vishnu is praised as Lord Sarangapani.
Those who worshiped at this place:
Lord Brahma, Lord MahaVishnu, Lord Vishnu, Lord Muruga, Lord Indra, Kamadhenu, Sage Kashyap, Hema rishi, Moorkhanayanar, Nava-Kannigas (nine sacred rivers), namely Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Saraswati, Kaveri, Godavari, Krishna, TungaBhadra and Sharayu.
Salient features:
1. This temple is one of the temples that participate in the MahaMagham festival.
2. There is a separate shrine for Kirata (hunter) moorti.
3. The ShivaLinga is made of sand and is covered by a golden kavach. Abhishek is made only for Avudayar. Civet (Pungunu in Tamil) is only applied.
4. ShivaLinga is very large in size and hence is praised as MahaLingam.
5. Idol of Lord Muruga is unique. He has six faces and six hands, he is sitting on his peacock mount along with his consorts.
6. This place is considered more sacred than Kashi.
7. The RajaGopuram is unfinished, hence it is known as MottaiGopuram.
8. In a 16 pillared mandap, which is known as Navaratri mandap, 27 stars and 12 zodiac signs are sculptured on a single stone.
9. There is a musical instrument known as NadaSwaram made of stone.
10. This place is considered as the first of 51 Shaktipeetha.
11. The Nava Kannigas who take bath in the MahaMagham tank, also take bath in the golden lotus pond (Portramarai Kulam).
12. It is believed that there are 20 ponds and teertha inside the MahaMagham tank.
13. The parikrama is designed in such a way that, when we do pradakshina in the prakaram, we do pradakshina of both - Goddess Parvati and Lord Shiva. This is in keeping up with the puran of Lord Ganesha going around his parents in order to go around the universe.
About the temple:
The sanctum sanctorum consists of sanctum, Antarala and Ardha-Mandap. This is an east facing temple. The main RajaGopuram is 9-tiered and is about 128 feet tall. There are three prakarams in the temple.
As we enter through the Rajagopuram, we come across Balipeeth, Dhwaja stambha and Nandi. The Nandi is big and beautiful. In the first prakara, we come across the idols of 63 Nayanmars, Sapta-Matrikas, Kamadhenu and Bhava linga, Sarva linga, Eshana linga, Pashupathi linga, Rudra linga, Ugra linga, Bheem linga and Maha linga.
The ShivaLinga is a Swayambhu Linga.
As the Shiva Linga is made of sand there is no Abhisheka for the Shiva Linga. They apply only punugu (civet – a cent) once in a while. As the Shiva linga is very huge it is known as Mahalingam and it is inclined to one side. Abhishek is performed only at the base of Shiva Linga. There is a sculpture of a lion in the Navaratri mandap which is very unique.
The Shiva Linga in this temple is believed to have been made by Shri Shiva Himself after the pralaya i.e. at the beginning of new Yuga. He made this Linga by mixing sand, nectar and broken pieces of the kalash. This Shiva linga is in the same shape as a pot i.e. broad at the bottom and needle shape as it rises. This peetham is also a Vishnu shakti peeth. As Lord Shiva was responsible for protecting the seeds (beej) for creation by keeping it in a kumbha, He is known as Lord Kumbheshwarar.
According to Kshetra purana, the Nava-kumarikas (nine rivers) who take bath in the Mahamagham tank, also take bath in the Potramarai kulam.
Other deities and shrines:
Koshta-murthis:
Lord Vinayaka, Lord Dakshinamurthy, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu. Shrine of Lord Chandikeshwarar is in the usual position.
In the same parikrama, we come across idols of Lord Vinayaka, Lord Muruga, Goddess Gajalakshmi, Lord Nataraja, Lord Somaskanda, Idol of Lord Keeratmoorthy, Lord Nalavar, Lord Veerabhadra, Lord Kashi-Vishwanath and Goddess Vishalakshi, Goddess Saraswati and Goddess Jyesthadevi. In this corridor, we come across a Ganesha idol known as Lord Valam Chuzhi Vinayaka whose trunk is curved towards the right. We also come across Lord Bhikshadanar, Akshaya linga, Sahasra linga, Goddess Annapurni and Goddess Mahalakshmi.
When we enter 2nd prakaram, we come across the shrine of Goddess Parvati. We also come across the Shayana graha. In the 2nd corridor, there are idols of Lord Sattainathar, Lord Chandra, Lord Surya, Lord Vallabha-Ganesha, Lord Lakshmi-Narayan, Lord Vanni-Vinayaka, Shri Kumbh muni siddha. The idols of Goddess Ashtabhuja Durga, Lord Navaneet Vinayaka, Lord Kala-Bhairva, Lord JwaraHareshwarar, Lord Shasta, Shri Mahan Govind Dikshidar and Shri Nagambal.
Ambika is in a separate, south facing shrine. Her shrine is parallel and to the left of Kumbheshwarar’s shrine. To the right of her shrine we come across the shrine of Lord SomaSkanda.
There is a NavaGraha shrine in the temple complex.
Goddess Mangalambika is dressed in a yellow silk saree and her face is smeared with yellow turmeric paste and she has tilak of red vermillion (kunku). Goddess Mangalanayaki is also known as Goddess Mantrapeetheshwari. There is a separate shrine for Shri Keeratmoorthy and special abhishek is done in the evenings for Goddess Mangalambika. We come across Shri Muruga, seated on his mount peacock along with his consorts, Shri Valli and Shri Deivanai. He has six faces but has only 6 hands instead of twelve.
There are fourteen holy teerthas associated with this temple namely – Mahamagham tank, Putramarai tank, Varun teertha, Kashyap teertha, Chakra teertha, Matanga teertha, Bhagawat teertha, Mangala teertha, Naag teertha, Kura teertha, Chandra teertha, Surya teertha, Gautam teertha and Varaha teertha.
Navaratri mandap is a 16 pillared hall, which was built by Vijayanagar kings. 27 Star and 12 zodiac signs are sculptured in a single stone. There are two pipe instruments known as NadaSwaram in Tamil that are made of granite.
The Potramarai kulam (tank) is at the front side of the temple. People take a dip in the Mahamagam tank before taking a bath in the Potramarai kulam.
The NavaKannigas (9 sacred rivers) are in the prakaram. There are 9 sacred rivers namely, Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Saraswati, Kaveri, Godaveri, Krishna, TungaBhadra and Sharayu.
Prayers:
1. Devotees worship in the temple for excellence in Arts, for success in trade and business, for removal of marriage obstacles, for child boon, for wealth and prosperity.
2. Devotees believe that worshiping Lord Shiva after taking bath on the day of Magha nakshatra and/or during MahaMagam festival in the sacred theertha will help in getting rid of one’s sins committed during previous births and attain salvation.
3. Devotees pray to Shri KumbhaMuni Siddhar for relief from adverse effects of planets.
Pooja:
Daily six rituals are performed.
Pradosh pooja is performed regularly.
On Sundays of Tamil month Avani, special pooja is performed.
Festivals:
Maasi (Feb-March): Maasimagam Brahmotsav on a huge scale. Ashwini nakshatra, flag hoisting indicates the beginning of the festival. 8th day special pooja for Lord and Devi. 9th day Chariot festival; 10th day festival – procession of panchamoorthis on peacock, mooshaka and rishabha.
Panguni (March-April): Float festival.
Chitrai (April-May): Saptasthanam festival
Vaikaasi (May-June): Thirukalyanam (wedding festival)
Ani (June-July): Thirumanjanam
Aadi (July-August): 18th day festival, festival on nakshatra Puram
Temple timing:
5:30am to 12:30pm, 4:00pm to 8:30pm.
Temple Address: Shri Kumbheshwarar Temple, Kumbhakonam (Thirukudamooku), District : Tanjore, TN 612001
Phone: +91-4352420276
Courtesy: Various websites.