This temple is situated in the city of Nagapattinam and is on the southern bank of Kaveri.
This is one of the Sapta Vidanga sthala. Vidanga at this place is known as Sundar Vidangar. This is one of the Padal Pethra Sthalams revered by Thiru Dnyanasambandhar, Appar and Sundarar. The present temple is about 2000 years old which was built by Cholas and Pallavas. This temple must have existed even before the sixth century. It was originally built by the Lakolisa cult which originated in Gujarat. This temple is considered as a twin of Kayarohan temple in Gujarat.
Moolavar: Shri Kayarohaneshwarar
Utsavar: Shri Chandrashekharar
Devi: Shri Neelaydakshi
Pooja / Agama: Kameega Agama
Sacred Theertha: Pundarikaksha Theertha
Kshetra Vruksha: Mango tree
Puranik Name: Nagaykaronam
Present Name: Nagapattinam
District: Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu
Kshetra Puran:
1. Emperor Dasharath came to know that Shani will be aspecting star Rohini which will cause famine. He decided to fight Shani and was advised by Surya not to fight Shani and please him by worshiping. Shani was pleased by the worship of Dasharath and accepted the desire of Dasharath by which he troubled to a lesser extent. Hence all the Navagrahas in this temple are facing the west.
2. There was a staunch devotee of Lord Shiva who was a fisherman named Athipathar. When he used to fish in the ocean he had the habit of throwing away the first fish back into sea as an offering to Lord Shiva. In order to test him, Lord Shiva made him catch only one fish on a particular day. But the fisherman (Athipathar) threw the first fish into the sea and did not bother about starving. Once, Lord Shiva gave him a golden fish. The other fishermen advised him to keep it. But, Athipathar threw it back into the sea as a routine. Pleased by his devotion Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati gave darshan and gave him mukti. He attained the status of Nayanmar. He has a separate shrine inside the temple complex.
3. Azhuguni Siddhar: Like children cry to their mother to get their desire fulfilled, this Siddha used to cry in mother Parvati’s shrine begging the divine mother to grant him salvation. She gave him salvation with the consent of Lord Shiva. There is a jiva samadhi at this place for Azhuguni Siddhar. Special worship is done on Vishakha Nakshatra in the month of Vaikasi and on full moon day with Kheer (payasam) as the naivedya.
4. Sage Pundarikaksha did penance at this place for attaining mukti. Lord Shiva gave darshan to the Sage, embraced him and gave him mukti. Generally mukti is attained only for atma but not for the body, but in this case Lord Shiva gave mukti to Sage Pundarikaksha by embracing him (arohan) with human body (kaya). Hence the lord is known as Kayarohanarar.
5. Once the King of Serpents worshiped Lord Shiva and got a female child. The child had three breasts. Lord Shiva assured the King that the third breast will disappear when a King from the Surya dynasty visits him. When King Shalisuhan came to this place the third breast vanished. The Naga King gave his daughter in marriage to King Shalisuhan. Since the Naga King worshiped here, the place came to be known as Nagaikaronan.
6. According to Puran, King Muchukunda got seven Shiva Lingas from Lord Indra for helping Lord Indra in overcoming the asuras. These Shiva Lingas are small in size and are known as Vidanga. He installed them at seven places which are praised as Sapta Vidanga sthalam. This is one of the Sapta Vidanga sthalams where Shiva Linga is made of a kind of Ruby. This Shiva Linga is very beautiful and hence Lord Shiva is praised here as Sundar Vidanga.
7. According to Puran, Lord Shiva asked Nandi to be the guard of Goddess Ambika who is a virgin. But Nandi informed Lord Shiva that he wished to see him even while he was guarding Goddess Parvati. Lord Shiva granted the request made by Nandi. Hence we find that in this temple the neck of Nandi is turned towards Lord Shiva with one eye on Goddess Ambika and other on Lord Shiva. Hence in this temple Nandi is praised as Erattai Parvai Nandi (i.e. Nandi having twin vision).
8. According to Kshetra Puran, Maharaja Salija worshiped Lord Shiva and performed pooja at seven places which are nearby. As a remembrance, during the festival, Lord Shiva’s procession is taken to seven nearby temples namely PogaiNallur, Poravachery, Sikkal, Palur, Vadagudi, Theti, and at Nagur. The procession goes through the Mada Veedhis (streets around the temple). This is known as Sapta Sthan temple of Nagapatiinam.
Those who worshiped at this place: Sapta Rishi, Sage Markendeya, Sage Pundarikaksha, Azhuguni Siddhar, fisherman Athipathar, King Dasharath, King of Serpents and King Salija.
Special features:
1. In the mandap of the Sanctum Sanctorum ceiling, we have the twelve zodiacs sculptured.
2. By worshiping Lord Shiva in this mandap, people believe that they get relief from grahadosha.
3. Two elephants, with four tusks each, are depicted doing puja to Goddess Gajalakshmi who has her legs hanging down.
4. Koshta murti of Lord Dakshinamurti, in a separate shrine outside the koshta, is with eight disciples instead of four.
5. Sundarar obtained a garland of pearls, a garland of diamonds, Kasturi and a horse etc from Lord Shiva by praying to him with sacred hymns.
6. The neck of Nandi is turned in such a way that one eye is in the direction of Lord Shiva and the other is in the direction of Ambika.
7. Lord Bhairav has a lion as his mount instead of a dog.
8. When we view the Kshetra Vruksha from the south east prakaram, it looks like Nandi.
9. The fruit of the mango tree (Kshetra Vruksha) has acidic, bitter, sweet and sour taste.
10. In the Navagraha shrine, all the Navagrahas are arranged in three rows.
About the temple:
Though this is a Shiva temple, it is popularly known as Goddess Neelaydakshi Amman Kovil. This temple was originally constructed by the Lakolisa cult. The only other temple constructed by them in Tamil Nadu is at Kanchipuram. The temple is also a Shakti Peeth. The temple is also called Shivarajadhani as Lord Shiva rules as a King. And is located near the sea shore.
This is an east facing temple with a seven tiered Rajagopuram. At the entrance, there is a stucco image of Nandi. There is another five tiered Rajagopuram. There is Dhwajastambha, Balipeeth and Nandi after the five tiered Rajagopuram. The temple consists of Sanctum Sanctorum, Antarala and Ardha mandap.
The Shiva Linga is a Swayambhu Linga, a little bit big and black in color. The present lingam is not the original as the original was stolen long back. The present lingam is made of Gomed (topaz). Behind the Shiva Linga we come across Lord Shiva and Goddess Ambika in wedding posture.
Koshta Murtis: Lord Dakshinamurti, Lord Lingodbhavar, Lord Brahma, Goddess Durga, Lord Ardhanarishwarar and Lord Bhikshadanar.
In the prakara, we come across idols of Athipathar Nayanar, Lord Vallabha Ganapati, Lord Aghor Veerabhadra, Atmalinga, Lord Vinayaka, Lord Palani Andavar and Idumban. In a mandap known as Rajadhani Mandap we come across Lord Ganesha, Lord Shanmukha with Valli and Deivanai, Lord Kashi Vishwanath and Lord Bhairav. On the right side we find the shrine of Goddess Ambika, Goddess Neelaydakshi. She is in a standing posture. In the inner prakaram we come across idols of Lord Surya, Sixty three Nayanmars, Lord Mavadi Pillaiyar (Lord Ganesha under a mango tree), Lord Vennaipiran, Lord Arunachaleshwarar, Lord Bhairav, Goddess Gajalakshmi, Lord Shanishwarar and the Navagraha. In Navagraha all the planets are facing the Moolavar in three rows. The utsav murtis are Lord Bhikshadanar, Lord Nataraja with Goddess Shivagami and Katchi Nayanar. The shrine of Tyagaraja is next to Lord Shiva. Opposite to this shrine we come across Shaiva Saint Sambandhar along with his wife Paravai Nayanar. In the outer prakaram we come across Lord Anukoola Anjaneya, Goddess Bhadrakali and Jeevasamadhi of Azhuguni Siddhar.
About other shrines and special features.
Sundar Vidangar: The vidangar in this temple is very beautiful and is known as Sundar Vidangar. To the right side of Lord Shiva's Sanctum Sanctorum, we come across the shrine of Lord Tyagaraja. In most of the temples we can have darshan of the face of Lord Tyagaraja only. In this place during Vaikasi (Vishakha Nakshatra) and Margazhi (Thiruvathirai festival) alankar of Lord Shiva is done in such a way so that we can have darshan of the right hand and feet of Lord Tyagaraja. During the festival, the procession dances back and forth like a wave and is known as Paravar Nrutya (Nardana).
Goddess Neelaydakshi: It is believed that she bestows boons to the devotees like ocean. To indicate this, her eyes are blue (like ocean) in color. She has a separate shrine with a flagstaff. She is depicted as a virgin girl before marriage i.e. Yuva stage. Hence the Adipuram festival (festival on Purva Phalguni nakshatra) is celebrated on a grand scale. She is taken in procession in chariot of china clay. Goddess Ambal’s Sanctum Sanctorum is constructed like a chariot. As Goddess Ambika is a virgin, Lord Shiva sent Nandi to guard her. But Nandi was reluctant to leave Lord Shiva. Lord advised Nandi to have his darshan also by staying with Goddess Ambika. Hence we find that Nandi is facing the Ambal, but his face is toward Lord Shiva as well. His left eye is towards Lord Shiva and right eye is towards Goddess Ambika. People worship this Nandi to get rid of eye related problems.
Lord Vinayaka: He graces from another shrine. He has one serpent coiled around his body and another one above his head like an umbrella. Hence he is known as Lord Nagaabharan Vinayaka (Nagabhushan Vinayaka). People worship him for relief from Rahu and Ketu effects. They perform special pujas during Rahu Kaal and Rahu-Ketu transit.
Lord Bhairav has a lion as a mount instead of a dog. It is believed that when Sage Pundarikaksha worshiped Lord Shiva at this place, Ganges sprang up along with Lord Bhairvav. So Bhairava graces here as a Kaala Bhairav. He is facing south with a furious face. To calm him down we have two Vinayakas standing in front of him.
It is customary in South India to close the temple doors when the procession of a dead person passes near it. But in this place, the dead body is garlanded, with a garland and vastra from the Shiva temple. This is done in honour of a great devotee of Lord Shiva from the fisherman community.
Generally during the festival the Lord is taken in procession along the four streets surrounding the temple. But at this place the processional deity is taken through seven villages surrounding Nagapattinam. This is in honour of Salija Maharaja who had a darshan of Lord Shiva in bridal form when he came to this place after performing Shiva puja at the village.
Mohini procession: Generally Lord Shiva goes in procession on a Rishabha vahan during pradosha puja in Shiva temples, but in this temple Lord Vishnu also joins in the procession in Mohini avatar. After the Samudra Manthan, Mohini avatar took place just before pradosha when Lord Shiva danced to forgive the devas for their mistake of not worshiping him before taking the amrut. Hence we can have darshan of Mohini during the pradosha puja. At other times Mohini is kept in the Sanctum Sanctorum of Lord Shiva.
There is a shrine of Goddess Kali (Ashtabhuja Ambika). We come across idols of Lord Ashta Bhairav and Goddess Gajalakshmi in this temple.
Behind the Shiva Linga we have the idol of Lord Somaskanda and Lord Muruga with weapons in twelve hands.
We have the shrine of Lord Chandikeshewarar on the corridor.
The mango tree (Kshetra Vruksha) fruits are sweet, bitter and sour. When we look at the tree from southeast parikrama, it looks like a Nandi.
Prayers:
1. Devotees worship here for salvation and relief from the sins committed by them.
2. Devotees worship Lord Shiva under the twelve zodiac signs on the ceiling of Sanctum Sanctorum for relief from graha doshas.
3. Those having vision problems pray to Errattai Parvai Nandi.
4. Devotees pray to Lord Nagabhushan Vinayaka for Rahu Ketu related problems. They perform Abhishek with milk during Rahu Kaal.
5. Devotees worship Lord Kalabhairav for longevity as Lord Kaalbhairav faces the south direction.
Pooja:
Regular Pooja as per Kameega Agama. Pradosha puja is performed. Daily abhishek at 9 am and 8 pm.
Festivals:
Ani (June-July) (Ayilyam nakshatra, Ashlesha in Marathi). On this day Sage Pundarikaksha entering Lord Shiva’s shrine and attaining mukti is held during ArdhaJama puja which is the last puja before closing the temple.
Vaikasi (May-June): Wedding festival
Aadi (July-Aug): Aadipuram festival (festival on Purva Phalguni Nakshatra).
Maasi (Feb-Mar): Shivatratri festival
Aippasi (Oct-Nov): Annabhisheka
Karthigai (Nov-Dec): Karhtigai Deepam
Temple Timings: 6 am to 12.30 pm, 5 pm to 9.30 pm
Address:
Shri Kayarohaneshwarar Temple at Nagapattinam
Tamil Nadu 611001
Mobile Number: +91-9894501319, +91-9366672737
Courtesy:
https://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.com/
https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/