This Shiva temple is at a distance of about 5 kms from Kumbhakonam on Mannargudi road, 39 kms from Mayiladuthurai, 36 kms from Thiruvarur.
This is the seventh of twelve Shiva temples associated with Mahamagham festival. This is the place where the middle portion of the Kalash fell and became a Shiva Linga later during pralaya. This is one of the Saptasthana temples associated with Aadikumbheshwarar temple. It is located at Sakkotai in Tamil Nadu. Earlier, the place was known as Kalaynallur. The temple is more than 1500 years old. The temple is also one of the 276 Padal Petra Sthalam on the southern bank of Kaveri praised by Shaiva Saint Sambandhar. Hence this temple must have existed before the 7th century. It was reconstructed as a stone structure by Chola King Rajarajeshwar Chola. Extensions were made by Nayaks and Marathas. This temple was reconstructed by Kulothanga Chola III. Sakkiya Nayanar, one of the 63 Nayanmars, was closely associated with this temple. The temple was also known as KottaiShivan Kovil. It is believed that the temple was earlier surrounded by a big fort with canals (agazhi in tamil). But now what we come across are only the remains of fort and canal. It is stated that in the good old days a lot of buddhists (known as Sakkiya) used to reside here. Hence the place got the name Sakkiakottai which during the course of time changed to Sakkotai. The temple was built and renovated by Chola kings and Nayakkars.
Moolavar: Shri Amrutakalashnathar, Shri Amrutakadeshwarar
Devi: Shri Amrutavalli
Utsav Murti: Shri Amrutakalashnathar
Sacred Theertha: Nanguveda Theertha
Puranik Name: Thirukalaynallur
Sacred Vruksha: Shamee (Vanni in tamil)
Kshetra Purana:
This temple is associated with the formation of Mahamagham tank and the pralaya. This is the place where the middle portion of the Kalash fell and formed a Shiva Linga.
According to an old saying, a sin committed in a Kshetra can be nullified by visiting and praying at another Punya Kshetra. A sin committed in a Punya Kshetra can be washed off by visiting and worshiping at Varanasi. A sin committed in Varanasi can only be washed at Kumbhakonam. But sin committed in Kumbhakonam can be washed off in Kumbhakonam itself. It means that other places, to wash off sins, we have to go to other places whereas Kumbhakonam is the only place where sins committed here can be washed off only at Kumbhakonam. This indicates the greatness of Kumbhakonam. Every human being (Hindu) always prays and worships to get rid of the sins and dushkarma. Hence the above statement was prevailing in those days. Similarly, when Adharma becomes maximum at the end of the Yuga, Lord Shiva creates a pralaya (a great deluge) so that a change takes place, and a new Yuga begins. But at the same time, He also helps in the new creation.
Once just before pralaya, Lord Brahma, got a doubt in His mind that if all the seeds for creation are destroyed how to start the creation. He rushed to Lord Shiva, the destroyer, for guidance. At that time Lord Shiva advised him about the manner in which the seeds for new creation can be preserved and at the same time how to start the creation after pralaya. He advised Lord Brahma to make a pot by mixing mud (sand) and Amrut. Then fill it up with Amrut and keep all the seeds necessary for creation inside the pot. Then he advised that he should spread the Vedas, Agamas, Puranas etc on all 4 sides in the Kalash. He asked him to place a bunch of mango leaves and a coconut at the top of the pot so that it gets the shape of the Kalash. He advised him to tie the sacred thread (upavidh) around the pot and inside the pot put flowers etc before sealing it. Then he asked him to keep it at the top of Mount Meru (which is a residence of Lord Brahma) and hang it from the ceiling by tying it with a rope made of sacred grass (darbha). He asked him to worship it with bilva leaves by placing them along with flowers over the coconut. He asked him to make this Kalash sacred by sprinkling the Amrut over the Kalash. He told him that during the pralaya, this Kalash will flow along the water and will stop at a place. Then he will appear as a hunter (Keerat Moorthy) and break the pot so that Lord Brahma can start the creation of Shrushti.
Lord Brahma followed the instructions to the point. When the pralaya came, there was chaos around as nature's fury was at its highest in all forms. The Meru parvat also was drowned in the pralaya water and the Kalash along with the sacred grass tied around it started moving along the water towards the south. It reached a particular point and stayed at a place as pralaya water started receding. The sacred grass, the mango leaves, etc detached themselves and fell at that place. The place where the mango leaves fell, a Shamee tree manifested, and the sacred grass tied around the kalash became a Linga. There was a bilva tree and seven Goddesses appeared and stood as guard over that place. The darbha that formed the Linga is known as Darbha Linga. All this happened on the western side of the sea. Then Kalash started moving towards the North-West direction and stayed at a place. At that very moment there was a celestial voice stating that this is the place where the Kalash will finally stay and there is no other Kshetra that will be more sacred than this place. As Kalash stayed at this place, the place became known as Kumbhakonam.
The things around the Kalash started falling off on their own. The place where the sacred thread holding the Kalash stopped, a Shiva Linga was formed. The temple at this place is known as Someshwarar temple. The place where sacred thread around the Kalash fell, is the present Gautameshwarar temple. The place where the bilva leaves fell, the Linga was formed and the temple at this place is known as Nageshwarar temple. The coconut became a Linga and the temple at this place is known as Nallikeshwaram and linga is known as Abhimukheshwarar. In this manner the various parts of the Kalash fell and each of them formed a Swayambhoo Linga. In the end only Kalash containing the seeds remained.
Lord Brahma started praying to Lord Shiva so that he can help him in recovering the beeja (seeds) from the Kalash. Lord Shiva appeared in the form of a hunter (Keerat Moorthy) and broke it with His arrow. The pot broke into pieces and the articles inside the pot fell at various places. At each place a Shiva Linga manifested on its own and at each place a temple was constructed later on.
Aadikumbheshwarar temple: This is the place where the Amrut Kalash stopped first. It is believed that Lord Shiva himself made a Shiva Linga by mixing Amrut and mud (sand). He worshiped the Shiva Linga at this place and the Linga is in the shape of the neck of the pot (Kalash).
Someshwarar temple: The place where the sacred thread holding the Kalash stopped, a Shiva Linga was formed.
Nageshwarar temple: where the bilva leaves fell.
Abhimukheshwarar temple: where the coconut fell.
Gautameshwarar temple: where the sacred thread (upavidha) fell.
Koneshwarar temple: where the rim of the kalash fell.
Amrutakalashnathar temple at Sakkottai: this is the place where the middle portion of the Kalash fell. The place is known as Kalayanallur as the mid portion of the pot is known as Kalayam in Tamil.
Baanpurishwarar temple: the place from where Lord Shiva broke the Kalash with his arrow.
Aadikampatta Vishwanathar temple: where the flowers from the Kalash fell and the Linga was formed and the place became abundant with Malathy flowers and was known as Malathy Vanam.
Kalahastishwarar temple: where the Chandan from the Kalash fell.
Ekambareshwarar temple: where the remaining parts of the Kalash fell.
Kottaiyur Kodeshwarar temple: where some drops of Amrut fell.
2. Sakkotai: Saint Sakkia was a staunch devotee of Lord Shiva. He used to wear Sakkia (buddhist) style dress and worship Lord Shiva at this temple. On his way to the temple he used to perform pooja to a stone and used stones instead of flowers. One day he forgot to do worship before taking his meals. He ran to the place where he used to worship the stone. When he reached the place, stones started falling at his feet from Kailash. Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati appeared before him and blessed him. Lord Shiva made him one of the Nayanmars, hence he is known as Sakkianayanar. As a Sakkia worshiped at this place, the place got the name Sakkotai.
3. Goddess Parvati did penance here and married Lord Shiva at this place. Hence we have her idol in a shrine known as Goddess Tapasyaamman.
4. As the middle portion of the Kalash reached here during pralaya, the place got the name Kalaynallur.
Those who worshiped here: Lord Brahma, Sakkia Nayanar & Lord Shanishwarar.
Special Features:
1. This is one of the temples connected with Mahamagham festival.
2. Idol of Lord Dakshinamurti is unique.
3. Idol of Shiva Linga is made of green granite.
4. The idol of Goddess Parvati is very unique and is rarely found in any other temple.
5. The Sapta Matrikas are sculptured in a single stone.
6. The idol of Lord Ardhanarishwarar is unique as he is depicted in standing position on his right leg.
About the temple:
This is an east facing temple with one prakara and a three tier Rajagopuram. There is an entrance arch at the entrance on the roadside. It has a sculpture of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati flanked by their sons – Lord Ganesha and Lord Muruga. The temple consists of Sanctum Sanctorum, Antarala and Ardha Mandap. Nandi and Balipeetham are in front of Rajagopuram. Additionally in Mandap also there is a Nandi and Balipeetham. The Sanctum is in the shape of a Shiva Linga. The Shiva linga is a Swayambhoo Linga and is made of sand. A moat surrounds both inside and outside the surrounding walls of the temple. There is a Mandap known as Nayakkar Mandap. To the North we have the Goddess shrine facing south. At the entrance of Maha Mandap we have an idol of Lord Dandapaani and idol of Lord Nardana Vinayaka. In front of Shiva Linga we come across Balipeeth and Nandi in their usual position. The Mandap is in the form of a forehead of a bat (vowaal in Tamil). Hence the Mandap is known as Vowaal Mandap. We come across idols of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati in their bridal attire in the mandap.
Koshta Moorthis: Lord Ardhanarishwarar, Lord Dakshinamurthi, Lord Lingodbhavar, Lord Brahma and Goddess Durga. The idol of Lord Dakshinamurthi is unique. He has four hands, in his upper right hand he has a Rudraksha Mala, upper left hand – Agni, lower right hand – Mudra, lower left hand – palm leaves. There is a halo (prabhaval in Marathi) around the head. There is a big Kallal tree behind him. The idol of Lord Lingodbhavar is made of green granite. It is behind the sanctum with Lord Maha Vishnu and Lord Brahma on either side. Here we get the darshan of Treemurthi (i.e. Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva) in one place. The shrine of Lord Chandikeshwarar is located in the usual place.
There is a separate shrine of Goddess Ambika doing Tapascharya (penance). She is known as Goddess Tapasyaamman. She is standing on right leg with the left leg folded on thigh, right hand above her head with left hand on the stomach. There is another shrine in which Goddess Ambika is praised as Goddess Amrutavalli. This shrine is to the north of Mahamandap. Sapta Matrikas are sculptured in a single stone. There are shrines of Nalavar, Navagraha, Vaayu Linga, Prithvi Linga, Theyu linga, Lord Subramanyam with Valli and Deivanai, Goddess Gajalakshmi, Lord Bhairav, Lord Bhikshadanar, Lord Chandra, Lord Surya, Lord Shanishwarar, Lord Rahu and Sage Sakkiya Nayanaar.
Prayers:
People perform their 60th birthday (Shashtyabdha purti), 70th birthday (Bhimaratha Shanti) & 80th birthday (Sadabhishek) at this place for blessings.
Pooja:
1. Daily rituals as per Agama rules.
2. Weekly rituals on Mondays and Fridays.
3. Fortnightly pradosha pooja.
4. Monthly worship on new moon day, full moon day and Chaturthi.
Festivals:
Vaikasi (May-June): Vaikasi Visakham
Aani (Jun-Jul): Aani Thirumanjanam
Aadi (Jul-Aug): Aadi Pooram (Pooja on Poorva Phalguni nakshatra day)
Aavani (Aug-Sept): Shri Vinayakar Chaturthi
Purattasi (Sept-Oct): Navaratri
Aippasi (Oct-Nov): Skanda Shashti and Annabhishekam
Karthigai (Nov-Dec): Thiru Karthigai (Karthigai Deepam) festival
Margazhi (Dec-Jan): Thiruvathirai
Maasi (Feb-Mar): Maha Magham festival and Shivaratri
Panguni (Mar-Apr): Panguni Uthiram (Pooja on Uttara Phalguni nakshatra day)
Temple Timings: 9 am-12 noon, 5 pm-7 pm
Address:
Shri Amrutakalashnathar temple,
Sakkotai,
Kumbakonam,
Tamil Nadu 612401
Phone number:+01-4352414453; Cell:+91-9698460984
Courtesy: Various websites publishing information about temples in South India