This temple is at a distance of about 23 kms from Thiruvarur, 20 kms from Kumbhakonam, 4 kms from Thirucherai, 9 kms from Nachiyar Kovil and 46 kms from Mayiladuthurai. This temple is on the Kumbhakonam-Thiruvarur highway.
This is the 6th of the 12 temples connected with Mahamagam festival. This is situated at Kudavasal in Thiruvarur district on the southern bank of Kaveri. The temple is more than 2000 years old. At this place, the rim (mouth) of the Kalash fell during the great deluge and formed a Shiva Linga. The mouth of the Kalash is known as Kudavayil in Tamil. Hence the place got the name Kudavasal. This is one of the 276 Padal Petra Sthalam revered by Nayanmars. Shaiva Saint Sambandhar got the divine darshan of Lord Shiva hence it is revered as Mini (Chinna in Tamil) Kailash. This is one of the 70 Mada-kovils built by the Chola King Kochengata Chola Nayanar. He built Mada Kovil temples in such a way so that the elephants cannot enter the Sanctum. This temple must have been one of the earliest temples constructed by Cholas in the 3rd century.
Moolavar: Shri Koneshwarar, Shri Suryeshwarar, Shri Bhrugunathar, Shri Konanathar, Shri Vanmeekanathar.
Devi: Shri Periyanayaki, Shri Brihannayaki
Pooja / Agama: Karana Agama
Sacred Theertha: Amrut Theertha
Kshetra Vruksha: Plantain (banana tree) (Vaazhai in Tamil)
Puranic Names: Kadalivanam, Vanmeekachalam, Garudathiri
This temple is also known as Perunthirukovil.
Kshetra Purana:
1. Lord Koneshwarar – Ko in Tamil means all living beings, Eshwarar means Lord Shiva. As the Lord loves all living beings, he is known as Lord Koneshwarar.
2. Shiva Linga was found in the ant hill (Vaanmeeka). Hence is known as Lord Vanmeekanathar.
3. Presence of Garuda in this temple: This is a rare sight and it is explained in the following puran. Sage Kashyap had 2 wives, namely – Vineeta and Katru. Garuda was the son of Vineeta and was a staunch devotee of Lord Vishnu. Katru had poisonous snakes as her sons. Once Vineeta and Katru happened to see Lord Indra on his white horse named Uchhaihshravas. There was an argument between the 2 ladies about the color of the horse. There was a wager (betting) according to which if Katru proved that the tail of the horse was black then Vineeta and Garuda would be slaved to her forever. Katru approached her sons and requested to help her in winning the wager. Initially they refused but later on agreed to help her due to the fear of getting cursed by their mother. One of her sons, Kargodaga (black snake) wrapped himself around the horse’s tail and breathed his venom. Due to this, the tail became black. When Vineeta saw only the black part of the tail (the remaining portion was pure white), she accepted her defeat. When she told her plight to Garuda, he asked her for the remedy. Vineeta told him that his step-mother wants a pot containing nectar from Devaloka so that they will be released from their bondage. Garuda went to Devaloka and defeated Devas in a fierce battle. He informed Lord Indra that he will take the pot containing nectar and only show it to his step mother as she does not deserve to drink the Amrut. He agreed to bring back the pot of nectar safely. On the way to meet his mother, he had to fight a ferocious demon. Hence he had to keep the pot on a bush of Kusha-grass. When he came back after defeating the demon, he found the pot sinking in an ant hill. When he cleared the ant hill with his beak, he found Lord Shiva (Amrutalingeshwarar) with a pot in his hands. The Lord blessed and bade Garuda to come back after releasing his mother from the bondage. After receiving the pot, Katru went to take a bath placing it on a Kusha grass. In the meanwhile Lord Indra with help of Vaayu retrieved the pot. When Katru got back, she was disappointed as the pot was missing. She, along with her sons, licked the droplets of nectar that had spilled on kusha-grass. Due to the sharpness of kusha-grass, their tongue got split (according to puran this is the reason that snakes have split tongue). Garuda came back to Lord Shiva, as per directive. Garuda constructed a temple for Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. He also constructed a sacred tank, Amrut Theertha and installed Lord Ganesha who is known as Lord Aadhi-Ganesha. Hence Lord Shiva is known as Lord Amrut Nathar and Goddess Parvati is known as Goddess Amrut-valli.
4. According to another Kshetra Puran, the nine sacred rivers (Ganga, Kaveri, Yamuna, Gautami, Narmada, Saraswati, Sharayu, Kanyakumari & Sindhu) appealed to Lord Shiva for a solution to get rid of the sins left by the people in them. He transformed them into Kumarikas and advised them to take bath in 3 Sacred Theertha on the southern bank of Kaveri when Sun is in Kumbha raas, Guru is in Simha raas and Moon in Maga nakshatra. They took a bath in Kumbhakonam (Mahamagam tank) then the sacred tank in Sakkottai (Kalashanallur) and finally came to this place. When they entered the sacred tank, the tank dried up. When they appealed to Lord Shiva, he told them that they should have taken dip first here then at Sakkottai and finally at Kumbhakonam. Then he advised them to first worship Lord Aadhi-Ganesha at this place and Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. According to Puran, these sacred rivers perform this ritual every 12 years i.e. Mahamagam festival day.
5. Once, just before Pralaya, Lord Brahma, got a doubt in His mind that if all the seeds for creation are destroyed, how to start the creation. He rushed to Lord Shiva – the destroyer, for guidance. At that time, Lord Shiva advised him about the manner in which the seeds for new creation can be preserved and at the same time how to start the creation after Pralaya. He advised Lord Brahma to make a pot by mixing mud (sand) and Amrut. Then fill it up with Amrut and keep all the seeds necessary for creation inside the pot. Then he advised that he should spread the Vedas, Agamas, Puranas etc on all 4 sides in the Kalash. He asked him to place a bunch of Mango leaves and a coconut at the top of the pot so that it gets the shape of the Kalash. He advised him to tie the sacred thread (upavidh) around the pot and inside the pot put flowers etc before sealing it. Then he asked him to keep it at the top of Mount Meru (which is a residence of Lord Brahma) and hang it from the ceiling by tying it with a rope made of sacred grass (darbha). He asked him to worship it with Bilva leaves by placing it along with flowers over the coconut. He asked him to make this Kalash sacred by sprinkling the Amrut over the Kalash. He told him that during the Pralaya, this Kalash will flow along the water and will stop at a place. Then he will appear as a hunter (Kiratmoorthy) and break the pot so that Lord Brahma can start creation of Srishti.
Lord Brahma followed the instructions to the point. When the Pralaya came, there was a chaos around as nature's fury was at its highest in all forms. The Meru Parvat was also drowned in the Pralaya water and the Kalash, along with the sacred grass tied around it, started moving along the water towards the South. It reached a particular point and stayed at a place as Pralaya water started receding. The sacred grass, the mango leaves, etc detached themselves and fell at that place. The place where the mango leaves fell, a Shamee tree manifested, and the sacred grass tied around the Kalash became a Linga. There was a Bilva tree and seven Goddesses appeared to stand guard over that place. The Darbha that formed the Linga is known as “Darbha Linga”. All this happened on the western side of the sea. Then Kalash started moving towards the North-West direction and stayed at a place. At very same time there was a celestial voice stating that this is the place where the Kalash will finally stay and there is no other Kshetra that will be more sacred than this place. As Kalash stayed at this place, it is known as Kumbhakonam.
The things around the Kalash started falling off around on their own. The place where the sacred thread holding the Kalash stopped, a Shiva Linga was formed. The temple at this place is known as Someshwarar temple. The place where sacred thread around the Kalash fell, is the present Gautameshwar temple. The place where the Bilva leaves fell, the Linga was formed and the temple at this place is known as Nageshwar temple. The coconut became a Linga and the temple at this place is known as Nallikeshwaram and Linga is known as Abimukeshwarar. In this manner the various parts of the Kalash fell and all of them formed a Swayambhoo Linga. In the end, only Kalash containing the seeds remained.
Lord Brahma started praying to Lord Shiva so that he could help him in recovering the beej (seeds) from the Kalash. Lord Shiva appeared in the form of a hunter (Keerat Moorthy) and broke it with His arrow. The pot broke into pieces and the articles inside the pot fell at various places. At each place a Shiva Linga manifested on its own and at each place a temple was constructed later on. Where the rim of the Kalash fell a Shiva Linga was formed and that temple was constructed which is praised as Koneshwarar.
Those who worshiped here: Lord Garuda, Lord Agni, Lord Jatayu, Sage Suta, Sudama, Thalappiyar, Bhrigu rishi and Thirunapindu (he was cured of his leprosy by Lord Shiva at this place).
Special Features:
1. It is believed that a few drops of Amrut fell in the tank. Hence people take a dip here during Mahamagam festival.
2. Lord Shiva is addressed as Lord Vaanmiknathar as he was taken out of ant-hill by Garuda.
3. We have a number of Lord Vinayaka shrines like Lord Siddhi-Vinayaka, Lord Anumati Vinayaka, Lord Aadhi-Gajanathar (in the temple tank) and Lord Malai-Vinayaka.
4. It is believed that Lord Surya worships Lord Shiva in this temple by directing his rays on the Shiva Linga for 3 days in the month of Panguni (March-April). On 3 days in the Tamil month of Thai, the Sun’s rays fall on Lord Kashi Vishwanath.
5. The Sanctum Sanctorum of Lord Shiva’s shrine’s entrance is narrow so that elephants do not enter.
6. Sambandhar has praised this temple in his hymn as Ezhilkola Mada kovil (extremely beautiful in Tamil).
7. Saint Arunagirinathar has sung a hymn on Lord Muruga at this place.
8. On Masi-magam day, 5 deities (Pancha-murti) namely Lord Koneshwarar, Goddess Periyanayaki, Lord Ganesha, Lord Muruga and Lord Chandikeshwar visit the Amrut Theertha for Theertha-wari festival.
About this Temple:
The Sanctum Sanctorum consists of Sanctum, Antarala and Ardha Mandap.
This is a west facing temple but without any Rajagopuram. At the entrance we have a beautiful sculpture of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. It has 2 prakarams. We have to climb 24 steps to reach Lord Shiva’s shrine which is a common feature in all Mada-Kovils. This temple finds mention in Tamil literature between 300 BC to 300 AD. The Shiva Linga in this temple is Swayambhoo Linga. It is a little bit small with scar marks believed to have been made by Lord Garuda’s beak. At the entrance to the temple, we find Lord Garuda worshiping Lord Shiva which is a very rare site.
Koshta Moortis: Lord Vinayaka, Lord Dakshinamurti, Lord Mahavishnu and Lord Brahma
There is a separate shrine for Lord Chandikeshwarar.
In the outer prakaram, we come across the idol of Lord Anumati Vinayaka. We find Lord Kashi Vishwanath shrine opposite to the entrance. In front of the entrance we have Nandi and Dhwajastambha. After entering the temple we come across the shrine of Goddess Brihannayaki who is in a standing posture with Abhaya and Varada Mudra. She is facing the south. There is no separate Goddess Durga in this temple as Goddess Brihannayaki is worshiped as Goddess Brihan-Durga Devi. Inside the temple we come across 3 tiered Rajagopuram. In the outer prakaram, we find shrines of Idumban, Lord Dandapani and Goddess Saraswati. In the northwest of Devi’s shrine we have the shrine of Lord Muruga with his wives Valli and Deivanai, a peacock and a Maha-mandap. Saint Arunagirinathar has sung a hymn on Lord Muruga at this temple. In this prakara, we come across Kshetra Vruksha, Jack-fruit tree, Shrine of Navagraha, Lord Muruga, Goddess Mahalakshmi, Thirudhyanbindu Muni, Saptamatrikas, Naalvar, Shaiva Saint Sundarar and Paravai-Nachiyar. The 24 steps that we have to climb to reach the Sanctum of Lord Shiva is in front of Sundarar. Lord Nataraja and Goddess Shivagami idols are near Lord Shiva. To reach the Sanctum of Lord Koneshwarar (Lord Shiva), we have to cross Mahamandap, Nandi Mandap and Ardha Mandap. The Shiva Linga is big with a square base (Avudayar in Tamil). Lord Shiva is facing the west. There is a shrine of Lord Vinayaka who is first worshiped in the evening pooja known as Lord Malaivazhipatu (worshiped in evening) Vinayaka. There is a shrine for twin Vinayakas and the Vinayaka is worshiped here as Lord Siddhi-Vinayaka. Opposite to the temple, we have the Sacred Theertha, Amrut Theertha. On its bank we have the shrine of Lord Aadhi-Vinayaka. From the Sanctum of Lord Shiva’s shrine, we can have darshan of the tank and the Gopuram of the Lord Vinayaka temple. There are 2 Lord Bhairavas in this temple, one of them is without his mount i.e. dog.
Idols in this temple: Lord Surya (in sitting position), Lord Chandra (in standing position), Sage Suta worshiping Lord Shiva. There are shrines for Naalvars, Suta Maha Muni, Sundarar, Paravai Nachiyar, Goddess Saraswati without Veena, Goddess Gajalakshmi and Sapta Matrikas.
Prayers:
1. People worship Lord Shiva, Lord Surya and Lord Chandra in this temple. They believe by doing so, they will be absolved of the sins for not having performed the Shraaddha ceremony for their ancestors.
2. Devotees worship Lord Shiva for prosperity and wisdom, for the welfare of their children, for not having fulfilled wishes of their mothers, to get peace of mind and atonement.
3. Those having problems in getting married, light ghee lamps on lemon cups during Rahu kaal in Goddess Durga’s shrine.
Pooja: Daily worship as per Karana Agama. Pradosha pooja, monthly, weekly and fortnightly poojas are performed regularly.
Important festivals:
Vaikasi (May-June): Vaikasi Visakam (Special pooja on Vishakha nakshatra)
Aani (Jun-Jul): Thirumanjanam
Aadi (Jul-Aug): Aadi Pooram (Special pooja on Purva Ashadha Nakshatra).
Aavani (Aug-Sept): Vinayakar Chaturthi
Purattasi (Sept-Oct): Navarathri
Aippasi (Oct-Nov): Skanda Shashthi and Annabhishekam
Karthigai (Nov-Dec): Thiru Karthigai Deepam
Margazhi (Dec-Jan): Thiruvathirai
Maasi (Feb-Mar): Maasi Magham (festival on Magha nakshatra) and Shivarathri.
Panguni (Mar-Apr): Panguni Uthiram (Festival on Uttara Phalguni nakshatra).
Pradosham is also observed regularly.
Temple timing: 7 am to noon; 4 pm to 8.30 pm
Temple address: Shri Koneshwarar Swami temple, Kudavaul (Kudavasal), Thiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu 612601
Courtesy: Following sites
https://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.com/ and
https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/