Patteeshwaram is at a distance of 8km from Kumbhakonam on Kumbhakonam-Avoor route. This is one of the padal pethra sthalam on the southern bank of Kaveri (Northern bank of review Thirumalairayan). This temple is revered by Shaiva saint Sambandhar. This is a very big temple spread over 4.4 acres. There are 4 entrances with Rajagopurams. This place was earlier known as Pazhyarai which was the capital of Chola kings. Though this is a Shiva temple, it is popularly known as Shri Durai Amman temple. This temple is also known as Pazhyarai Vadathali. This temple existed even before the 7th century. The present masonry work was done during the Nayak period in the 16th century.
Moolavar: Shri Dhenupureeshwarar, Shri Patteeshwarar
Devi: Shri Palvalanayaki, Shri Dhyanambika
Sacred teertha: Kodi teertha, Gayatri teertha, Dhyan Vavi
Kshetra vruksha: Shami tree
Puranik names: Patteecharam, Patteeshwaram, Mazhapadi
Kshetra puran:
1. According to puran, Goddess Parvati chose this place to perform penance. Devas accompanied her and stayed with her as plants and trees. By this they made the surrounding green, peaceful and comfortable for her to perform the penance. Divine cow sent her calf – Pattee to assist her. Pleased with her penance, Lord Shiva gave darshan with Matted hairs. Hence he is praised as Kabardeeshwarar. Having seen the greatness of this place, Pattee made a Shiva linga of sand and performed penance. Lord Shiva accepted her worship, merged with the linga and made it sacred. As Pattee worshipped Lord Shiva, the place is known as Patteecharam (Patteeshwaram). Lord Shiva is praised as Dhenupureeshwarar / Patteeshwarar.
2. Lord Rama was relieved from Chaya hatya dosha at this place. After defeating Ravana, Lord Rama visited this place to get relieved of the dosha that he had acquired by killing Vaali with an arrow hiding behind a tree. He installed a Shiva linga at this place as he did in Rameshwaram & Veda-aranya. He created a sacred tank known as a kodi teertha/ Rama teertha. He did abhishek of the Shiva linga with water from the sacred tank which is considered to be equal to Dhanush-kodi teertha.
3. Sage Medhavi of Malva Kingdom left his ashram under the care of his disciple Dharm Sharma. He went to attend a yagna conducted by the sage Padesha. When he came back he found that Dharm Sharma had not taken care of the ashram and cows. So sage Medhavi cursed him to become a dog. Dharma Sharma came to Devi vanam – southern bank of Kaveri. He took a dip in Dhyan Vavi and did penance and worshiped Lord Shiva. He was relieved of the curse at this place.
4. Sage Vishwamitra created Gayatri teertha and worshiped Lord Shiva at this place. He got the full power of Gayatri mantra and attained the status of Bramha rishi at this place.
5. Chitrasena maharaja of Kaampeeli kingdom along with his wife worshiped Lord Shiva at this place. He performed putra kamesthi yagna and was blessed with a child. He conducted a festival in the month of Thai on Uttarathi nakshatra (Uttar bhadrapada)
6. King Shaktiyuman was afflicted with Bramha hatya dosh. He was advised by sage Kashyap to worship Lord Shiva at this place. He took bath in the Dhyanvapi teertha and worshiped Lord Shiva. A parrot taught him a Shiva panchakshari mantra and then he was waved off the brahma hatya dosha.
7. According to Kshetra puran, Shaiva saint Sambandhar after worshiping Lord Shiva at Shaktimuturan proceeded to visit this temple on a peak hot summer day. In order to protect him, Lord Shiva created a pearl pandal and sent it to him through his Bhootaganas. He also advised Nandi to step aside a little bit so that he could see the saint arriving under the pandal.
Those who worshiped at this place:
Divine calf Pattee, Dharma Sharma, Goddess Parvati, Shaiva saint Sambandhar, Lord Rama, Sage Vishwamitra, Sage Markandeya, Devas, King Chitrasena & King Shaktiyuman
Special features:
1. The present temple is a typical one constructed by Chola and Nayak kings.
2. Lord Vinayaka is praised as Swarnavinayaka, Anugrahavinayaka, Madavarnavinayaka.
3. This is considered as a panch-nandi kshetra.
4. In this temple we come across beautiful paintings and sculptures.
5. The rotatable stone chain is an unique one.
Salient features in Goddess Parvati’s shrine, the paintings and sculptures we come across -
1. Painting of Pattee (a divine calf) is worshiping Lord Shiva.
2. Lord Ram, Sita and Lakshman are worshiping the Shiva linga.
3. Chola king and queen worshiping.
4. Shaiva saint Sambandhar with his disciples arriving at the temple in a pearl mandap sent by Lord Shiva.
5. King Veermahadeva and his wife worshiping Lord Shiva and the endowments made by him.
6. Veerpratapadevar worshiping at this place, Also the work done and endowment made by him.
7. There are paintings from the time of the Maratha empire.
8. This is a very ancient temple.
9. Goddess Durga shrine attracts a lot of devotees and she is believed to be very benevolent in giving boons.
About the temple:
There are few inscriptions in the temple which give an account of the work done by Chola kings. During 1970, three metal idols Goddess Lakshmi, Lord Nataraja, Lord Somaskanda were found from undiscovered secret rooms in the temple. They are kept in safe custody at Tanjavur art gallery. This is an east facing temple with 7 tiered Rajagopuram on the south side and has 3 parikramas. Shrine of Lord Ganesha, Nandi, Dhwajastambha and balipeetham are located on the southern side of Rajagopuram. Nandi and balipeeth are not in line with the Shiva linga but face the sanctum. On the southside of sanctum sanctorum there is a 5 tiered Rajagopuram. The sacred tank is in front of the sanctum sanctorum. There are 5 rishabha (Nandis) in the temple. This place is praised as PanchaNandi kshetra and all the Nandi’s are not in line. The sanctum sanctorum consists of sanctum, antarala, artha mandap. On one of the pillars in the sanctum, we find the sculpture of Kamadhenu worshiping Lord Shiva. The Shiva linga is a swayambhoo linga and is in the sanctum which is Linga shaped.
Koshta murtis – Lord Vinayaka, Lord Dakshinamurti, Lord Lingotbhavar, Lord Bramha & Goddess Durga.
Shrine of Chandikeshwarar is in its usual position. At the entrance of the arthamandap there are stucco images of dwarapals. In the mahamandap, we come across the idols of Govinda Deekshithar and his consort. Ambika’s shrine consists of sanctum and arthamandap. She graces in her shrine with one of her feet stretched out as if ready to come to the aid of devotees. Her shrine is a very beautiful work of art and sculpture. On the pillars of arthamandap, in her shrine, there are beautiful sculptures of Yalis (medieval lions). There is a chain of single stones which can rotate. In her shrine, paintings depict the purana associated with the temple. In front of Ambika’s shrine, we come across Govinda Deeksheethar, his wife and 4 Nayak kings of Tanjavur.
Other shrines and idols – Sapta Matrikas, Goddess Mahalakshmi, Goddess Renuka devi, Navagraha, Surya, Chandra, Lord Bhairava, Lord Nataraja, Veda linga, Shiva linga worshiped by Lord Rama, 63 Nayanmars, Shaiva saint Sambandhar, Swarna Vinayaka, Lord Muruga, Somaskandhar, Goddess Gajalakshmi, Kashi Vishwanathar, Lord Anjaneya, Lord Shanmuga, Lord Shanishwarar Lord Keertivasar, Lord Subramanya with his consorts, Shaiva saint Moovar, Lord Madhavaran Ganesha, Lord Anugraha Ganesha & Maha linga.
Durga Shrine – At the northern entrance there is the famous Goddess Durga shrine. She is praised as Kottaivayil (entrance of the fort) Durga, Vishnudurga, Durgalakshmi, Navayoganayaki, Navakotinayaki, Navagrahanayaki, Navaratrinayaki and Navashaktinayaki. She is the guardian deity of the place. The Chola kings were staunch devotees of Goddess Durga. She was originally at the Northern gate. After the decline of the Chola empire, the idol of Goddess Durga was installed in the temple. She is a Shant-swaroopi. She appears in a Threebanga statue with 8 hands, 3 eyes wearing earrings standing on Mahishasur. He mounts the lion, looks to the left instead of the usual right side. She has weapons like Conch, Chakra, Bow, arrow, sword, shield etc. She has a parrot on her hand and she is standing with abhaya mudra.
Prayers:
1. Devotees worship Goddess Durga for Rahu, Ketu dosha, Mangal dosha, Marriage boon, child boon, especially on Rahu kaal on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday. Besides these they also worship on full moon day, Ashtami and Navami. They Garland Goddess Durga with lemons. They light a lamp with lemon cups.
2. Devotees worship Lord Bramha for relief from Shatru dosha, diseases & insect and animal bites. They perform abhishek.
3. The devotees worship Lord Shiva for removal of difficulties, problems and for peace of mind.
Poojas:
Daily Puja six times
Monthly pooja - Pradosh pooja, full moon day, Krishna Ashtami and Navakoti archana
Festivals:
Vaikasi (May-June): festival on the bank of river Thirumalairajan
Aani (June-July): first day pearl pandal festival, Thirumanjanam
Aadi (July-August): Puram
Aavani (August-September): Ganesh Chaturthi
Purattassi (September-October): Navaratri, Goddess Durga pooja procession
Aaipassi (October-November): Anna abhishek, Skandhashasti
Karthigai (November-December): Thirukartigai, On Mondays abhishek of Goddess Parvati with 1008 conches and annadaan
Margazhi (Dec-Jan): New moon day festival at Kodi teertha to celebrate Lord Rama’s getting liberated from Bramha hatya dosha, Thiruvathirai
Thai (January-February): Makar Sankranti
Maasi (February-March): MahaShivaratri, Magha nakshatra festival
Panguni (March-April): Panguni uttiram, sandal paster alankar of Goddess Durga; Special festival – process of festival utsav murti;
All 5 utsav murtis are taken in procession daily for 10 days during Brahmotsav in the month of Margazhi and Vaikashi on new moon day
There is a 10 days Brahmotsav in the Tamil month of Vaikasi started by King Chitrasena
Besides these special poojas are held on Diwali, Pongal, Tamil and English new year days.
Timings: 6.30 to 12.30pm; 4-9pm
Address: Shri Dhenupureeshwarar temple at post Patteeshwaram, Tal Kumbakonam, TN 612703
Phone: +91-914352416976