This Shiva temple is one of the Panchakrosha sthalams and is located at Thiruvidaimaruthur, about 8 km. from Kumbhakonam on Kumbhakonam-Mailaduthuria route. This temple is on the southern bank of river Kaveri. This temple was revered by nayanmars namely Appar, Sundarar and Sambandhar. The temple must have existed even before the 7th century. There are about 149 stone inscriptions belonging to Chola, Hoysala, Pallava and Pandya kings. This temple was renovated during the Chola period and the extensions were done by Vijayanagar kings.
This temple is one of the six temples along the banks of river Kaveri which are considered equal to Kashi. The temple is considered to be ShaktiPeetha and Pancha Linga Sthala. It is also one of the Sapta Sthana Temples of Thiruneelakudi. Valuable contributions have been made by the Pandya kings, Chola Kings and Tanjavur Nayaks in maintenance and renovation of the temple. The temple is at the center of seven Shiva temples which are situated at cardinal points. The vigraha (murtis) at this temple are known as Sapta Vigrahas. This place is also known as Idaimaruthur as it is situated between two Shiva temples which have the Maruth tree (Arjun tree) as the Kshetra Vruksha.
Moolavar: Shri Mahalingam, Shri Mahalingeshwarar, Shri Marutvanar, Shri Marutavaneshwarar
Devi: Shri Parumuraial, Shri Brihadsundarargujambika, Shri Naanmoolainayaki
Sacred Teertha: KarunyaAmrut, River Kaveri
Kshetra Vruksha: Marut Tree (Arjun Tree)
Puranik Name: Mathirarjunam, Shenbagaranya, Shaktipuram, Tapovanam, Muktipuram
Kshetra Purana:
1. Pattinathar and Bhadragiriyar: Shaiva Saint Pattinathar is closely associated with this temple. His disciple Bhadragiriyar, who was a king. He renounced his kingship and became a saint. He came to this place and stayed with his Guru Pattinathar. He always had a begging bowl in his hand and a dog following him. Once Lord Shiva came in the form of a beggar and asked for alms to saint Pattinathar. He was directed by him to Bhadragiriyar whom he addressed as a Sansari. Bhadragiriyar felt sad as his guru made him a sansari because of the begging bowl and the dog that was with him. In anger he threw the begging bowl on the dog, which killed the dog. Lord Shiva manifested in front of him and gave him salvation and also gave salvation to the dog. Hence this place is known as Naladiyar Kovil.
2. Brahma hatya Dosha: A Chola prince killed a brahmin and was inflicted with Brahma hatya dosha. He came to this temple and prayed to Lord Shiva for relief. As the spirit of the dead Brahmin was following him, Lord Shiva advised him to leave the temple by another door as the Brahmahatti will not be able to enter the temple. Since it was waiting at the entrance through which the prince entered the temple. It is believed that it is still waiting at the entrance of the temple. Hence people avoid going out of that temple through that entrance. There is a sculpture of Brahmahatti at that entrance (eastern).
3. Some people associate this kshetra purana with King Varaguna Pandian. It is stated that the king went on a hunting trip in the nearby forest. As the darkness was fast approaching he hurried back to the city on his horse. He did not notice an aged Brahmin sleeping under a tree. The hooves of the horse accidentally crushed the Brahmin to death. The king came to know of the incident through his soldiers. When he enquired with the scholars they informed him that he had incurred Brahma-hatya dosha. They advised him of remedial measures prescribed in the shastra, but the king did not get any relief. He went to Lord Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai. While doing Pradakshina a celestial voice advised him that a Chola King will invade his country and the invader will be defeated. When the invading king flees from the battlefield, the celestial voice asks him to follow the invader. In this matter the Pandya king will reach Lord Mahalingeshwar temple, where Shri Shiva himself worshiped the Shiva Linga. He will be absolved on the Brahma Hatya dosha when he worships in that temple, by entering through one entrance and by leaving by another. Lord Mahalingeshwarar advised him to leave the temple by western entrance as he had entered through the eastern entrance. By following the directions he got rid of the Brahma hatya dosha. It is believed that the Brahmahathi is still waiting outside at the eastern entrance.
4. Pancha krosha sthala: After the pralay, the amrut kalash reached Kumbhakonam and settled there. It is believed that droplets of nectar have fallen at five places around Kumbhakonam namely Thiruvidaimaruthur, Darasuram, Thiru Nageshwaram, Swamimalai and Koranattu Karuppur. These kshetras are at a distance of five kroshas from each other, hence they are known as Panchakrosha sthala of Kumbhakonam.
5. Jyotirmay Mahalinga: When the sages were doing penance at this place, Sage Agastya came here along with his disciples and did penance on Goddess Uma Devi. At that time, She gave him darshan. After paying due respect to her, the sages requested her for the darshan of Lord Shiva. Goddess Uma Devi along with sages did penance on Lord Shiva. In appreciation of their penance Lord Shiva gave darshan to them. After giving darshan, Lord Shiva scolded the sages for not worshiping the Shiva Linga first. Goddess Uma Devi was astonished by the act of Lord Shiva and asked him about the reasons, as Lord Brahma and Lord Indra and others are only supposed to worship her customarily. Lord Shiva stated as sages forgot to worship him first they have to undergo an atonement. From that day, the sages started worshiping him first and attained salvation. When the sages were doing penance along with Goddess Parvati, Lord Shiva manifested from the heart of Goddess Parvati in the form of a flame. As he graced the sages in the form of Jyoti he is addressed as Jyotirmay Mahalinga.
6. According to sthala purana, when Adi Shankaracharya came to this place he desired that Lord Shiva should declare the truth about Advaita, so that the doubts about Advaita principle will be cleared once and for all. In response to his prayer, Shri Mahalingeshwarar appeared from the Shiva Linga and stated the truth three times as “Satyam Advaitam, Satyam Advaitam, Satyam Advaitam”. At the Shankara mutt at this place, on the Gopuram we come across the sculpture of Lord Mahalingeshwar with a raised hand and the sculpture of Adi Shankaracharya in front of him with folded hands. In the central courtyard of the mutt, a Devi’s shrine was constructed and the sacred paduka of Adi Shankaracharya was installed.
Those who worshiped at this place:
Lord Shanishwarar, Lord Chandra, sages Kashyap, Pattinathar, Bhadragiriyar, Arunagirinathar, Karuvur Devar, King Varaguna Pandiya, Goddess Uma Devi, Lord Vinayaka, Lord Muruga, Lord Vishnu, Lord Brahma, Lord Rudra, Goddess Lakshmi, Goddess Saraswati, Goddess Kali, sages Vashishtha, Agastya, Romesha, Kapilaa, Markandeya and Siddha (Sridhar Ayyarwal), fifty ninth Sage of Kanchi mutt HH Sri Bodhendra Saraswathi, Sukirti and Veerasena.
Salient features:
1. The ShivaLinga is a SwayambhuLinga, it is praised as MahaLingeshwarar as Lord Shiva has himself worshiped this ShivaLinga.
2. This is the 2nd place where we have the shrine of Goddess Mukambika.
3. There is a correlation between the three stages (parts) of Nandi and three kshetras namely, SriSailam (which represent the head portion of Nandi), IdaiMaruthur (which represent the middle portion of Nandi) and KadaiMaruthur (which represent the rear portion of Nandi).
4. There are four Vinayaka shrines at the four junctions of the four streets through which the chariot procession passes through.
5. It is believed that Lord Vinayaka in the Lord Ananda Vinayaka shrine worships Lord Shiva according to the rules of Panchayatan Puja with the help of puja materials supplied to him by the devaganas. It is believed that (according to Purana) he rules the world from here, hence he is known as Lord Ananda Vinayaka.
6. There are lots of stone inscriptions which detail the donations and repair works done by various kings and other details about the temple.
7. Ashwamedha pradakshina: When we do pradakshina around the temple in the first parikrama it is known as Ashwamedha parikrama. For this parikrama, we have to first worship Shri Muruga. People do 7, 12, 24 or 108 pradakshinas. Those who light lamps in the month of Karthigai and pradakshina done in the month of Thai also yield the benefit of Ashwamedha yadnya.
8. When we do pradakshina in the second parikrama it gives the benefit of doing Girivalam around Mount Kailash.
9. As this place lies between SriSailam (Lord Mallikarjuna) and Thiru kadaimaruthur in Thirunelveli (known as Pudararjunam), this place got the name Thiruvidaimaruthur means Madyararjunam. Arjunam means Marutha tree. These are three places where kshetra vruksha is Marutha Tree.
10. As Lord MahaVishnu worshiped Lord Shiva at this place, first puja is offered to Lord Shiva and only then to Lord Vishnu.
11. Lord Shiva gave darshan to sage Markandeya at this place as Ardhanarishwarar.
12. All the four Shaiva saints namely - Appar, Sundar, Samnbandhar and Manikvacharar have sung sacred hymns.
13. There is a jeeva-samadhi of Shri Shridhara Ayyarval, a great sanskrit scholar. He merged with the shiva linga in the form of a jyoti in the seventeenth century.
14. In this temple, there is a lamp known as PavaiVilakku (lamp) donated by Maratha king Pratap Singh Bhonsale.
15. Saint Arunagirinathar has sung a sacred hymn on Lord Muruga of this temple.
About the temple:
The temple complex covers an area of about 22 acres and is rectangular in shape. The temple has a very large sacred teertha (tank). There are a large number of shrines in this temple complex.
This is an east facing temple with 7-tiered RajaGopuram, Balipeeth, DhawjaStambha, stucco image of Nandi are in front of sanctum-sanctorum. The Nandi is very huge in size.
There are four Rajagopurams, one in each direction. The main Rajagopuram is five tier. The western Rajagopuram is seven tier. It has three parikramas, each enclosed by huge walls. The parikramas are known as AshwaMedha-Parikrama (outer), Kodumudi-Parikrama (middle) and Branava-Parikrama(inner).
About the shrines and idols in the Prakaram:
Lord Shiva Shrine: ShivaLinga is a SwayambhuLinga and is huge. The sanctum is in the form of a Linga. As Lord Shiva himself worshiped Linga, it is known as MahaLingam. It is on a huge pedestal with two Nandis in front. One of the Nandis is made of copper. In this temple, puja is performed first to Lord Shiva then to Lord Vinayaka as it is believed that Lord Vinayaka worshiped Lord Shiva in this place.
Shrine of Ambika: Ambika is in a separate, south facing shrine to the right of Lord Shiva, which is considered very auspicious as it represents the wedding posture. This shrine is considered as one of the 51 Shaktipeetha. On the ceiling of Ardha-Mandap, the painting depicts the marriage of Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Sundareshwarar. On the walls of this shrine, we come across a number of paintings depicting the various forms of Ambika. There is an idol of shaiva saint Sambandhar in the shrine. In the outer prakaram of Ambika’s shrine there is a shrine for Goddess Anbirpriyal.
It is a practice to go out of the temple after worshiping the Ambika.
The shrine of Goddess Mukambika is a special feature as there are only two separate shrines for Mukambika in India. In this shrine, she is seated in Padmaasan and is facing the north. This temple is to the south of Devi’s shrine. The sanctum is similar to those in North India just like in Maharashtra. In the sanctum a Sri Chakra (Mahameru) has been installed. Goddess Mukambika is also addressed as a PidariParameshwariAmman. The tower of the shrine resembles the Manikarnika teertha in Kashi. She is doing penance to get rid of the Brahmahatya dosha she incurred by killing Mukasur.
According to traditional rules, at cardinal points surrounding this temple, we have shrines of Lord Vinayak at Thiruvalanchuzhi, shrine of Lord Muruga at Swami Malai, shrine of Lord Chandikeshwarar at Seiganalur, the NavaGraha shrine at Suryanar Kovil, shrine of Lord Nataraja at Chidambaram, shrine of Lord Bhairava at Sirgazhi (Sirkazhi), shrine of Lord Nandi dev at Thiruvidaimarudur and the shrine of Mahalingeshwarar at the center as Moolavar in this place. This represents the structure of a Shiva temple according to the traditional rules.
This temple is referred as a pancha linga sthala as it has four lingas at four cardinal points with the Mahalingeshwarar at the center. On the east street we have Kashi Vishwanathar temple. In the west we have Rishipurishwarar temple. In the south AtmanaEshwarar temple, and in the north Chokkanathar Temple.
Lord Ananda Vinayaka shrine: In the inner prakaram, to the south of Lord Shiva’s shrine we come across the shrine of Lord Vinayaka known as Lord Ananda Vinayaka.
There is a small shrine for Lord Balakrishna. He gave darshan to Sage Kashyap in this form in this place.
There is a shrine for Lord Vinayaka at the entrance known as PadiThurai Vinayaka.
Besides this we have shrines for Lord Muruga, Lord Aghora Veerabhadra, Lord Airavateshwarar, Lord AtmaLingeshwarar are in the Parikrama.
In the parikrama we come across 27 lingas dedicated to 27 Nakshatras. According to the Purana, these 27 nakshatras installed these lingams and worshiped Shri Shiva. This is a nakshatra parihar sthala.
Besides these, we come across Akash Linga, Kashyapa Linga, Romesh Linga, Chola Linga, Chera Linga, Sahasra Linga, Panchabuta Lingas in the parikrama. We come across a brass statue of a woman made of brass holding a lamp. This statue is about 120 cm in height and was donated to the temple by the Maratha king Pratap Singh Bhosale in the eighteenth century. This lamp is known as PavaiVilakku. He also donated one lakh metal lamps along with this idol. This idol is in the form of a maiden (Pavai in Tamil) holding a lamp. There is an inscription at the bottom, which mentions the gift made by the king.
On the eastern and western entrances, we come across the idols of Pattinathar and Bhadragiriyar. In the temple complex we come across a Shaiva Siddhanta library which contains manuscripts in Palm leaves. There are about 32 sacred teerthas associated with the temple of which 5 are in the temple and 27 outside the temple.
Prayers:
People pray here for removal of marriage obstacles, removal of sorrow, unhappiness and also for child boon and also for safe delivery. People pray here for relief for mental depression and psychic disorders. This is a parihara sthala for Brahmahatya dosha. And for the nakshatra Anusham (Anuradha in Marathi) (nakshatra before the Jyeshtha nakshatra)
Poojas:
Poojas are performed six times in a day.
Weekly: Special worship on Somawar and Sukrawar
Fortnightly poojas: Pradosha Pooja
Monthly pooja: Special poojas and Abhishek are performed on New Moon, Full Moon, Chaturthi, On Tamil and English New Year.
Festivals:
Thai (Jan-Feb) - Thaipusam festival for 10 days, Pongal
Masi (Feb-Mar) - Mahashivaratri
Vaikashi (Mar - June) - Divine marriage festival
Aadi (Jul-Aug): Aadi Pooram
Avani (August-Sept) - Ganesh chaturthi,
Purattasi (Sept-Oct) - Annabhishek, Navaratri, arrow festival.
Aippasi (Oct-Nov) - Annabhishek and Skanda shashthi festival
Karthigai (Nov-Dec) - Festival of light known as Karthikeya Deepam. Abhishek with 1008 conches during Karthigai Somwar, Diwali
Margazhi (Dec-Jan) Thiruvathirai, Thiruvaduthurai, Arudra Darshan
Panguni (Mar-April) Uttara nakshatra festival
Temple timings: 6 am - 11 am, 5 pm - 8 pm.
Address: Sri Mahalingeshwarar Temple, Thiruvadaimaruthur 612 104
Phone: 91-4352460660/1946, 91-9790525781
Courtesy: Various websites and blogs